Sunday, November 25, 2018

H2O by the numbers

a Flood requires over 100 trillion metric.tons of water
1. [360 x 1000**2] sq.km is the size of Earth's ocean surface
360 million square kilometers
2. [.3 x 1000**-1] km is one foot in kilometers
3. [360 x 1000**2] sq.km x [.3 x 1000**-1] km
is the volume of a one foot rise in sea level
or [108 x 1000**1] cu.km, 108 thousand cubic kilometers, a Flood

4. [1 x 1000**1] kg
is the weight of a cubic meter of water, a metric ton
5. [1 x 1000**3] kg
is the weight of a cubic kilometer of water, a billion metric tons

6. [108 x 1000**1] cu.km x [1 x 1000**3] kg/cu.km
is the weight of a one foot rise in sea level
or [108 x 1000**4] kg, or 100 trillion metric.tons

So a Flood is a melt, from 100 trillion metric.tons up to a quad

Article in USA TODAY, April 2019 here
says "Since 1961, the world has lost 10.6 trillion tons of ice and snow, the study reported." Ten trillion tons in 60 years means, if melt continues at that rate (it may increase) that a Flood will happen gradually in ten times that, or 600 years.

The Thwaits glacier in antarctica is currently the hot glacier, but note that the 50 billion metric tons mentioned as the loss in that year is well below the 100 trillion metric tons mark for Flood. The loss this year is reported as 250 billion metric tons, or 2.5 trillion metric tons in 10 years, or 25 trillion in 100 years, or Flood level in 400 years.
But remember that Thwaits is not the only source of melt. Pine Island is a similar glacier, also melting into the Amundsen Sea. Alpine glaciers melt as much. A warmer ocean expands 5% by volume. and there is Greenland.

7. Glacier Retreat
The glacier used to be able to push away the ocean. No longer. There is quite a bit of glacier that rests on land, but the land is below the current sea level. This will soon be "ice shelves", and then "icebergs", as the warmer water erodes the bottom level of ice.


8.Advice from Hugh, Cambridge College Lecture Series


9. Why higher global average surface temperature can be so bad

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